Shoulder Injuries in Ski Paddlers: A Comprehensive Overview

Shoulder injuries are a prevalent issue among ski paddlers, affecting both recreational and competitive participants. This article explores the types, causes, and preventative strategies for shoulder injuries in ski paddling, incorporating findings from recent studies.

Prevalence of Shoulder Injuries

Shoulder injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal issues in paddling sports. Studies indicate that shoulder injuries account for 31% of all paddling-related injuries, with K1 (racing kayak) paddlers showing the highest incidence at 40.5% (Griffin et al., 2020; Holland et al., 2018). These injuries often result from the repetitive and high-demand movements inherent to the sport.

Common Shoulder Injuries

Rotator Cuff Tears

Rotator cuff tears occur due to acute trauma or repetitive strain on the shoulder joint. Symptoms include pain, weakness, and audible clicking during movement. These injuries are particularly common during high-intensity paddling or falls (Angle Oar, 2024).

Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement syndrome arises when rotator cuff tendons or bursae are compressed against the acromion. This condition is often associated with overuse or poor technique and manifests as pain during overhead movements (Angle Oar, 2024).

Shoulder Dislocations

Dislocations occur when the humerus exits the glenoid fossa, typically caused by sudden impacts or forceful twisting motions during paddling. This injury is characterised by severe pain and visible deformity (Holland et al., 2018).

Risk Factors for Paddlers

The biomechanics of ski paddling contribute significantly to shoulder injury risk. Capsizing events and recovery techniques often place the shoulder in vulnerable positions of abduction and external rotation, increasing susceptibility to injury (Holland et al., 2018). Additionally, younger athletes with lower training volumes may face an elevated risk of shoulder injuries due to inadequate conditioning (Griffin et al., 2020).

Preventative Strategies

Effective prevention strategies can help reduce the incidence of shoulder injuries:

Warm-Up: Dynamic stretches targeting the shoulders should be performed before paddling sessions.
Technique: Proper technique is essential to minimise strain on the shoulder joint.
Strength Training: Resistance exercises can improve shoulder stability.
Flexibility: Regular stretching helps maintain joint mobility.
Fatigue Management: Avoid overexertion to prevent poor form.
Low Bracing: Use low-bracing techniques to reduce stress on the shoulders.
Avoid High-Risk Positions: Minimise time spent with the arm abducted and externally rotated.

When to Seek Professional Help

Persistent pain or dysfunction warrants consultation with a healthcare professional specialising in shoulder injuries. Early intervention can prevent further damage and facilitate recovery.

Shoulder injuries are a significant concern in ski paddling but can be mitigated through proper training, technique, and preventative measures. By understanding risk factors and implementing effective strategies, paddlers can maintain their shoulder health and continue enjoying their sport.

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